market

could be more suited to the quest for freedom also to defy boredom.
Conversely, self-justifications strategies linked to necessities could be implemented to a smaller degree, as a result of very nature of the products.
The unprecedented context of the pandemic could already justify the purchase of these essential goods by itself, and additional justifications will not be necessary.
A recent study recommended a differentiation between necessity and non-necessity products to raised understand consumer behavior in response to stressful situations .
According to the authors, contrasting findings on the link between stress and consumer behavior could be due to the fact that stress affects certain purchasing behaviors negatively, but others positively, based on the kind of product under investigation.

• Generally, people prefer those outcomes which are more definite and likely in nature and underweigh outcomes that have a low probability of occurrence,
• This heuristic is normally employed when assessing the plausibility of a particular development , and in probabilistic situations in order to avoid risk.
• A recent study recommended a differentiation between necessity and non-necessity products to raised understand consumer behavior in response to stressful situations .
• However, independently, a minimal level of activation was not significantly related to following day opening prices .

we chose trading days between October 1987 and January 2001 which were positive, negative, or neutral with regard to market performance.
We defined the nature of the trading day by the movement in both the Dow and the NASDAQ on confirmed day.

Exploring The Influence Of Behavioral Aspects On Stock Investment Decision-making: A Study On Bangladeshi Individual Investors

Noteworthy, we focused on fear for COVID-19, therefore, it is possible that in such an exceedingly unprecedented situation, fear had a prominent role compared to stress.
Moreover, previous literature implies that the partnership between fear and consumer behavior increases as the type of fear measured becomes more specific.
In this sense, further studies could explore the relationship between fear and stress with regards to consumer behavior.
The word “information cascade” identifies a circumstance in which it is optimal for a person to check out specific steps—to follow the behavior of someone else—without taking into account that person’s information (Bikhchandani et al., 1992).

• To be able to have a broader understanding of the decision making under rational approach, it is necessary to have a look on the axioms of the homo economicus.
• Investors with more experience, maturity and expertise may now make proper usage of different information from diverse sources when coming up with investing decisions.
• So, if the price is above the 10 and 50-day moving average, but below the 200-day average, the short- and medium-term trends are up, while the long-term trend is down.

In accordance with Jiang et al. , investors with higher education and more experience have greater financial literacy.
Moreover, Jariwala found that financial literacy comes with an essential influence on the investment decisions of investors.
Furthermore, financial literacy is closely linked to the financial prosperity of a person, with a positive relationship between higher levels of financial literacy and better investment decisions (Khan et al., 2018).
In accordance with Nguyen and Rozsa , financial literacy plays an essential role in improving investment decision making and is also for sound financial decisions.
The factor of investment behavior was examined by applying the very thought of behavioral finance among the individual investors of the DSE, Bangladesh.

Table 11

According to Forgas , , mood incongruent responding is a spontaneous mood management strategy designed to achieve affect control.
Thus, whereas initial responding is mood congruent, subsequent responses can be mood incongruent.
If mood incongruent cognitive processes occur in naturalistic settings where people usually do not expect their mood to be linked to their decisions, it is possible that mood incongruent effects

[newline]Traders and investors may then use this information to create more informed decisions about when to get, sell, or hold their Bitcoin assets.
According to Kumar and Goyal , various inconsistencies in the behaviors of investors distract them from rational and logical decisions and violate standard financial theory.

A possible explanation is that people more stable from an economic perspective were more oriented to wish to buy products.
Considering the present results, further studies should better investigate the impact of socio-demographic factors on the necessity to purchase necessities and non-necessities during health emergency and natural disaster.
The survey used a five-point Likert scale which range from 1 to five which contains 16 statements under four dimensions following the exclusion, inclusion and rephrasing.
To judge individual investor’s loss aversion, four items adapted from Chun and Ming have been found in this study.

The results in Table 4 have been estimated in quantiles in the Appendix to see investors behaviour before and during COVID-19 at different parts of the marketplace return distribution.
The results in Table 2 have already been estimated in quantiles in the Appendix to observe investors behaviour at different regions of the marketplace return distribution.
The descriptive statistics for the common market return and CSAD measure for USA and UK are displayed in Table 1.
In the USA market, the highest average market returns (9.180) and CSAD measure (1.587) were observed during the COVID-19 period.
However, the lowest average market returns (-13.252) and CSAD measure (0.000) were observed during and prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, respectively.
Also, in the united kingdom market, the highest average market returns (8.280) and CSAD measure (3.212) were observed during the COVID-19 period.
Similarly, the lowest average market returns (-9.815) and CSAD measure (0.000) were observed during the COVID-19 period.

Moreover, Robinson and Marino suggested that the risk perception of investors is negatively linked to investment decisions.
Extending our understanding of the mediating mechanisms in this link and building on prospect theory, we proposed that risk perception mediates the effect between cognitive biases and irrational decision making.
Risk perception is related to the subjective judgment of the investors, and it deals with their perceptions and the severe nature of risk .
Specifically, it reflects the thoughts of individuals if they are asked to evaluate uncertain or risky activities (Slovic, 1987; Sartori and Ceschi, 2011).

Despite these potential limitations, many traders and investors continue steadily to discover the Fear and Greed Index to be a valuable tool for understanding market sentiment and making informed trading decisions.
By using the index in conjunction with other analysis tools and data sources, traders can gain a far more complete picture of market trends and sentiment and make more informed decisions about when to buy, sell, or hold their Bitcoin assets.
This unique metric has become a staple of the Bitcoin trading world, allowing market participants to measure and track sentiment instantly.
By providing a data-driven way to assess the emotions that are driving the market, worries and Greed Index has helped traders make informed decisions and prevent the pitfalls of irrational exuberance or panic.