Berberine supplements: Quaternary ammonium salt found in plants that is typically used to assist those with heart conditions.

Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseaseNature.
The essential basis of inflammatory bowel diseaseJ Clin Invest.
Aftereffect of berberine on transit time of human small intestineZhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi.
Ramifications of berberine on human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytesExp Biol Med .
Berberine-stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes involves both AMPK and p38 MAPK.

• An acute injection of uM Berberine right into a rat knee three hours prior to inflammatory insult could abolish the effects of IL-1b at 100uM Berberine.
• Kong W., Wei J., Abidi P. Berberine is a novel cholesterol lowering drug working by way of a unique mechanism distinct from statins.
• In this review, we provided scientific evidence about the mechanisms of its hypoglycemic activity, the randomized controlled trials on effectiveness and safety of BBR, the dose, and toxicity.

Q. Zhang, X. Xiao, K. Feng et al., “Berberine moderates glucose and lipid metabolism through multipathway mechanism,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol.
De Pablos-Velasco, “Limitations of insulin-dependent drugs in the treating type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Medicina Clínica, vol.
O. Zhang, “Traditional Chinese medicines in treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol.
Enhanced acute insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport in insulin-resistant myotubes through activation of the AMPK and PI3K pathways.

How To Use Berberine?

In these studies, BBR suppressed the three miR clusters and downstream TP53, ERB and MAPK signaling pathways .
BBR and MET will induce the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor , which is a component of tricellular tight junctions in endometrial cancer cells.
This occurred by BBR and MET counteracting the consequences of leptin on LSF expression .
This results in decreased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and MMP2 and MMP9 expression.
BBR prevented the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells via inhibiting the COX2/PGE2 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.

Berberine inhibited the growth of thyroid cancer cell lines 8505C and TPC1Yonsei Med J.
Protective aftereffect of berberine on beta cells in streptozotocin- and high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-induced diabetic ratsEur J Pharmacol.
Suppression of oxLDL-induced MMP-9 and EMMPRIN expression by berberine via inhibition of NF-κB activation in human THP-1 macrophagesAnat Rec .

Building On Berberine

This occurred via SIRT1 that is a regulator of LKB1 (aka serine/threonine kinase 11 ) which resulted in senescence and apoptosis .
The consequences of RES have been compared on GSCs and normal neural stem cells .
RES was determined to block GSC proliferation, while it did not appear to have any effects on NSCs.
SIRT1 and SIRT3 were expressed in both GSCs and NSCs, however, SIRT2 was only expressed in GSCs.
Inhibition of SIRT2 suppressed the anti-proliferative effects of RES .
You can find other compounds which are structurally linked to RES that inhibit CSCs.

The pharmacological properties of RES can be enhanced by nanoencapsulation.
The consequences of nanoencapsulation of RES have already been examined in CRC and other model systems and also have shown enhanced delivery .

The expression of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), orexin A and neuropeptide Y in brain of tested animals were found to be up-regulated .
Together with changes observed in hypothalamus, this can be a factor causing the decrease of body weight, enhanced lipolysis, and loss of IR in obese experimental animals and even humans.
Renoprotective ramifications of berberine and its own possible molecular mechanisms in combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic ratsMol Biol Rep.
Inhibitory effect of berberine on the invasion of human lung cancer cells via decreased productions of urokinase-plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase-2Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.

Berberine (60mg/kg) has also been found to reduce the hepatotoxicity of Doxorubicin in rats, attenuating the increase in ALT and AST and reducing Doxorubicin-induced liver necrosis by 28%.
While direct effects on angiogenesis of tumor cells by berberine haven’t been observed, berberine is known to suppress Mcl-1 in a minumum of one cell line in vitro, which is known to have angiogenic effects.
And a report in mouse macrophages incubated with HIV has