Hikvision: Digital technology company specializing in video surveillance equipment.

The materials further state that the police-model Enstrom 480B helicopter is widely used in patrol, emergency rescue, counterterrorism, anti-drug, anti-smuggling, air command, and other police missions . Enstrom Helicopter Corporation or CGAG also participated in the 9th CIEPE in 2018 . US companies that develop policing technologies often do not bid directly on Chinese government contracts.

According to HPE, “this structure enables HPE to participate in the fastest-growing IT industry on earth, through HPE’s sale of goods to New H3C for resale in the China industry”.
Previous reporting has discovered that Chinese police forces use H3C goods, including in Xinjiang.
Some US corporations have local subsidiaries in China that function directly with public safety measures clients.
A notable example of that is Invitrogen Buying and selling Co., Ltd. (英潍捷基（上海）贸易有限公司), a wholly-owned subsidiary of US-centered Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Invitrogen Trading Co., Ltd. appears to offer ongoing genetic research equipment maintenance expert services to Chinese public security entities.
According to a December 2016 procurement file, the Qinghai Province Community Security Department (青海省公安厅) aimed to purchase an unspecified imported “data center personal computer room specialized cold water unit and UPS host” within a network security data center computer bedroom infrastructure project.

• As a matter of fact, why is these video surveillance techniques so popular is that they allow the user to access the software through any computer provided that it is connected to the Internet.
• Construction Corps, also have recently carried out surveillance-oriented purchases of Seagate or Western Digital hard disk drives.
• Over the course of our research, Recorded Future observed countless references to products from US companies in Chinese public security procurement documents.
• Back 2017, the Kyiv authorities claimed that the CCTV system had proved effective; then, there were about 4,000 cameras employed in the city.

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For example, in 2019, Lithuanian researcher Tomas Savenaswroteabout a vulnerability in Hikvision gadgets that allows obtaining admin rights and passwords of most system users in basic text.
A surveillance drone is probably the technology on display in the showroom at Hikvision’s headquarters.

The 2019, 2020, and 2021 files from the Hainan Province Public Security Department identify system and communications equipment from many US-based or US-invested organizations, including IBM, H3C, Cisco, Comtech, and Motorola.
According to a single source procurement announcement, the Xianju County Public Stability Bureau (仙居县公安局) in Zhejiang Province was trying to acquire a “US Elephant Company ultraviolet observation camera system” in October 2015.
In line with the bureau, European and US ultraviolet observation systems work with a risk-free wattage while domestic equivalents make use of an unsafe wattage that may cause harm to users.
These US Elephant Company is quite likely Elephant Engineering, which was a division of US-founded Syntronics, LLC. US-based Basic Atomics acquired Syntronics, LLC in 2017.
Public stability entities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region may actually have purchased at the very least 481 hard disk drives from Seagate and Western Digital in early-to-mid 2022, including surveillance-specialized drives and drives acquired alongside apparatus from China’s leading surveillance providers.
Different entities in Xinjiang, such as for example prisons from the paramilitary Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, also have recently carried out surveillance-oriented purchases of Seagate or Western Digital hard disks.

Global Risk Intel

It even more claims that CGAG equipment supports the specific combat needs of open public safety measures forces, and that police aviation consumers have unanimously recognized the business.
According to materials from the 10th CIEPE, CGAG is an “important system” of hawaii Air Traffic Management Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, and CAAC for the development of general aviation. The CIEPE materials claim that CGAG received a helicopter production license from CAAC, established the Chongqing Enstrom General Aviation Technology Research Institute (重庆恩斯特龙通用航空技术研究院), and established the Enstrom Helicopter Domestic Maintenance Center (恩斯特龙直升机国内维修中心). Moreover, the materials say that the company sells products like the Enstrom 480B and 280FX, and is developing products like the Enstrom TH180.

• The materials further state that the police-model Enstrom 480B helicopter is widely used in patrol, emergency rescue, counterterrorism, anti-drug, anti-smuggling, air command, and other police missions .
• As such, the behavior of US companies selling policing technology to China must be considered alongside the growth of the global surveillance industry, the international expansion of mass surveillance, and other similar trends.
• It has over 30 access services and has access hyperlinks including a party-government-military website link, an externally deployed general public security website link, and a social business and institution link.
• Furthermore, due to complex licensing agreements, many products created by Hikvision are rebranded if they reach america.
• The 2021 documents do not reference the system, but we judge that it’s likely still used.

This new web-based portal was created to improve the collaboration with technology partners and devices integrators, enable growth of new and revolutionary solutions for customers across all markets, and additional drive market growth.
The No. 1 videos surveillance equipment provider globally, according to My partner and i.H.S. Markit.

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See Appendix G for more details regarding these surveillance and intelligence-related purchases of Western Digital Drives. According to the 2019 bidding documents, the general public Security Information Community Border Security Access Program (公安信息网边界安全接入平台) uses servers, switches, and routers from H3C and IBM.
The H3C factors are shown in Appendix F. Based on the 2019 documents, the program was put into used in December 2010 and provides a secure channel for information exchanges, both within community and externally, and provides secure data support for all kinds of professional police work.
It has over 30 access services and has access links including a party-government-military link, an externally deployed open public security link, and a social enterprise and institution link.
Recorded Future did not observe any tenders from open public security and safety entities for the order of Enstrom helicopters from CGAG, though we did uncover a variety of maintenance contracts offering evidence of CGAG and its subsidiaries offering Enstrom helicopters to Chinese open public security entities.
These documents are usually dated between October 2015 and April 2022, had been issued by entities just like the Guizhou Province Public Safety measures Division (贵州省公安厅), Lanzhou City General public Security Bureau (兰州市公安局), and Chongqing City Public Security and safety Bureau (重庆市公安局), and largely consist of single-source procurement announcements.
For instance, according to a March 2022 record from the Chongqing Community Security and safety Bureau, the bureau obtained Enstrom 480B helicopters from CGAG in 2013 and in 2016.

However, Chinese public protection entities also engage in significant levels of state violence and so are tasked with intelligence and counterintelligence missions.
As such, transfers of systems from US corporations to Chinese public stability customers risk inadvertently supporting express violence, intelligence function, and counterintelligence work in China.
Without substantial reforms to the united states export control method or other government measures, such transfers of systems to China’s public security system will almost certainly proceed unabated for the near future.
IBM. IBM is usually headquartered in New York, US, and provides products and solutions in areas like synthetic intelligence, blockchain, business functions, cloud computing, information and analytics, hybrid cloud, it infrastructure, security, and offer chain.
Previous research has discovered that China’s public security program uses IBM products in a variety of contexts, including bulk surveillance.
Hikvision, the globe’s leading distributor of innovative video surveillance products and solutions, is launching the Technology Partner Program Portal .

Procurement records from early 2022 reveal that Beijing Run Technologies Co., Ltd. sells open-source intelligence software that facilitates the collection and analysis of data from foreign sources across the clear web, deep web, and dark web, including Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and other major social media platforms. Moreover, public security entities have been at the forefront of the mass detention and surveillance of the Uyghurs and other minority groups in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region . As part of this campaign, local public security bureaus have been building a predictive policing capability called the Integrated Joint Operations Platform (IJOP; 一体化联合作战平台).